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Vol.18 (2015) No.1

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Crop Morphology

Allometric Relationships of Maize Organ Development under Different Water Regimes and Plant Densities
Y. Song, C. Birch, Y. Rui and J. Hanan

  • Allometric relationship of plant organs reflects internal coordination of different aspects of organ production.
  • Simple equations of allometric relationships of morphology and biomass for leaf laminae, leaf sheaths and internodes in maize have been developed for different water regimes and plant densities.
  • The new allometric relationships at organ scale can be used to predict organ morphology from organ biomass accumulation, linking crop physiology and morphology for the use of Functional Structural Models (FSPMs).

Abstract Full Text PDF[1178K]

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Evaluation of Calcium Regulating Roles of Guttation and Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Leaf Blades and Petioles of Hydroponically Grown Eddo
M. N. Islam and M. Kawasaki

  • The size and number of crystals in eddo leaves are dependent on the calcium concentration of the growth medium
  • Calcium oxalate crystals would participate in the regulation of calcium levels in leave tissues other than the idioblasts.
  • Guttation excludes excess calcium and would be a part of the system for maintaining calcium ion homeostasis in eddo plants.

Abstract Full Text PDF[3396K]

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Crop Physiology

Relation between O3 -Inhibition of Photosynthesis and Ethylene in Paddy Rice Grown under Different CO2 Concentrations
H. Kobayakawa and K. Imai

  • Ethylene production was greatly increased by elevated O3, but not by elevated CO2.
  • STS (an ethylene action inhibitor) ameliorated the O3-inhibition of photosynthesis at ambient and elevated CO2.
  • Thus, ethylene seems an important factor to mediate the extension of O3 injury in rice leaves..

Abstract Full Text PDF[1174K]

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Effects of Salt Stress after Late Booting Stage on Yield and Antioxidant Capacity in Pigmented Rice Grains and Alleviation of the Salt-Induced Yield Reduction by Exogenous Spermidine
S. Chunthaburee, J. Sanitchon, W. Pattanagul and P. Theerakulpisut

  • We successfully used spermidine to increase yield and quality of rice grains under salt stress.
  • Salt stress did not have any negative effects on pigments and antioxidant capacities of rice grains.
  • Rice cultivars with lower level of salt tolerance were more responsive to spermidine.

Abstract Full Text PDF[961K]

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Carbohydrate Metabolism During Wintering Period in Four Zoysiagrass Genotypes
A. Pompeiano, L. Caturegli, N. Grossi, M. Volterrani and L. Guglielminetti

  • We assess the carbohydrate content in four zoysiagrasses during senescence, dormancy, and green-up.
  • In Japanese lawn grass, the decline of pigments was similar to that observed in color retention.
  • Leaves and sprigs did not show evidence of sugar starvation during the senescence phase.

Abstract Full Text PDF[1028K]

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Short Report

Exogenously Applied Nitric Oxide Enhances the Drought Tolerance in Hulless Barley
L. Gan, X. Wu and Y. Zhong

  • This study evaluated the role of NO in improving drought tolerance of hulless barley using sodium nitroprusside (SNP) at 50, 100 and 150μmol l-1 under drought stress and the controls condition.
  • Drought stress seriously reduced the hulless barley growth and physiological attributes, but NO application alleviated the stress effects.
  • Among the NO treatments, 100μmol l-1SNP was the most effective.

Abstract Full Text PDF[805K]

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Genetic Resources Evaluation

Growth and Yield Properties of Near-Isogenic Wheat Lines Carrying Different Photoperiodic Response Genes
H. Matsuyama, M. Fujita, M. Seki, H. Kojima, Y. Shimazaki, H. Matsunaka, M. Chono, K. Hatta, K. Kubo, T. Takayama, C. Kiribuchi-Otobe, S. Oda, Y. Watanabe and K. Kato

  • Photoperiod-insensitive genes, Ppd-B1a and Ppd-D1a, accelerated young spike development.
  • Ppd-B1a and Ppd-D1a reduced culm length and grain weight.
  • There was a correlation between mean temperature from double ridge formation stage to terminal spikelet formation stage and spikelet number per spike.

Abstract Full Text PDF[922K]

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Evaluation of Soybean (Glycine max) Stem Vining in Maize-soybean Relay Strip Intercropping System
W. Liu, J. Zou, J. Zhang, F. Yang, Y. Wan and W. Yang

  • Low photosynthesis active radiation and the reduction of R: FR ration leaded to soybean vining.
  • Weight vining index could be used to judge the degree of soybean vining in the intercropping system.
  • Basing on the weight vining index, soybean germplasm can be divided into five clusters.

Abstract Full Text PDF[1038K]

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Agronomy & Crop Ecology

Barrenness and Changes in Tassel Development and Flowering Habit of Hybrid Maize Associated with Low Air Temperatures
T. Hayashi, T. Makino, N. Sato and K. Deguchi

  • In a cool summer year, barrenness of maize occurred and tassels of few or no spiklets were observed.
  • Tassel length became short when subjected to low temperature treatment at 8-leaf stage.
  • Less tassel length will lead to less pollen quantity and may be a cause of barrenness in maize.

Abstract Full Text PDF[1921K]

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Short-term Effects of Differentiated Tillage on Dry Matter Production and Grain Yield of Autumn and Spring Sown Grain Legumes Grown Monocropped and Intercropped with Cereal Grains in Organic Farming
L. Rühlemann, K. Schmidtke and S. Dorothea Bellingrath-Kimura

  • Normal leafed winter field pea showed high weed suppression and suitability for organic no-tillage.
  • Spring faba bean and field pea appeared better suited for reduced tillage than for no-tillage.
  • Available soil N resources were important for successful intercropping of legumes and cereal grain.

Abstract Full Text PDF[1353K]

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Short Report

Effects of Partial Harvesting on Napier Grass: Reduced Seasonal Variability in Feedstock Supply and Increased Biomass Yield
N. Sekiya, J. Abe, F. Shiotsu and S. Morita

  • Harvest cycle of Napier grass was halved by alternate mowing of every four rows.
  • This harvesting technique increased biomass yield through the border effect.
  • The increased yield might be a result of improved light-capturing ability.

Abstract Full Text PDF[900K]

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Short Report

Effect of Fertilizer and Fixed Nitrogen on the Water Use Efficiency of Genge (Astragalus sinicus L.)
A. Sumi, S. Sugata, I. Yahiro and M. Odawara

  • We compare the effect of fertilizer nitrogen (N) and fixation N on WUE.
  • Fertilizer N has little effect on WUE, regardless of drastic changes in N % and growth
  • The supply of fixation N drops WUE, and WUE of nodulated genge decreases as the amount of N fixed increases.

Abstract Full Text PDF[768K]

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